A Brief History of the U.S. in Central and South America 美國政府在中美洲各國的政治影響簡史
GUATEMALA 危地馬拉
Before 1944, Guatemala was run by leaders who prioritized economic growth and granted large amounts of land to the U.S. and enforced labor exploitation. In 1954, president Jacobo Árbenz took unused land away from the U.S. to redistribute to landless peasants.
Upset by this, the U.S. CIA supported a military coup of the Guatemalan government. This resulted in a 36 year civil war in Guatemala (1960-1996).
This, among other conflicts, has resulted in high rates of Guatemalans migrating to the U.S. border where they are being met with racist anti-immigrant rhetoric.
1944年之前，危地馬拉由優先考慮經濟發展的領導人統治，他們將大量土地授予美國並強制執行勞動剝削。
1954年，總統哈科沃·阿本斯（Jacobo Árbenz）從美國手中收回未使用的土地，以重新分配給無地農民。
美國政府對此感到不滿，並指派美國中央情報局（CIA）扶持了一場推翻危地馬拉政府的軍事政變。
這導致了危地馬拉長達36年的內戰（1960-1996）。
這場內戰以及其他沖突導致大量危地馬拉人遷移到美國邊境，但他們在那裏卻遭遇帶種族主義色彩的反移民言論。
EL SALVADOR 薩爾瓦多
The Salvadorian Civil War (1979-1992) took place after a fraudulent president came to power and took civil liberties away from the people. The Salvadorian government was heavily backed by the US because of the two countries’ deep economic, military, and political ties.
The war displaced more than 1 million Salvadorans—roughly one-fifth of the population at the time. With nowhere to turn, they migrated to the U.S.
一位通過舞弊上台的總統剝奪人民的自由，薩爾瓦多內戰（1979-1992）因此爆發。由于兩國在經濟、軍事和政治上的深厚聯系，薩爾瓦多政府得到了美國政府的大力支持。
這場戰爭導致超過100萬薩爾瓦多人流離失所，相當于當時人口的五分之一。無處可去的他們紛紛遷往美國。
HONDURAS 洪都拉斯
During the Presidential election of 2017, there were massive polling irregularities in Honduras. While the Organization of American States (OAS) & the Honduran people argued that a re-vote was necessary, the U.S. recognized as the winner incumbent President Juan Orlando Hernandez.
This sparked political unrest & Hondurans migrating to the U.S., just to be deported back to the harmful conditions that they were attempting to flee.
在2017年總統選舉期間，洪都拉斯發生大規模投票違規事件。盡管美洲國家組織（OAS）和洪都拉斯人民認為應當重新投票，美國政府卻承認時任總統胡安·奧蘭多·埃爾南德斯（Juan Orlando Hernandez）為獲勝者。
這引發了政治動蕩，大批洪都拉斯人移民到美國，卻最終被美國政府遣返回他們試圖逃離的危險環境。
VENEZUELA 委内瑞拉
The current president of Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro Moros, claimed the title in 2019, despite global condemnation of a rigged election.
In an attempt to force Maduro out of office, the US barred oil purchases, froze government bank accounts, prohibited the country from issuing new debt, and seized tankers bound for Venezuela. This dirastically impacted the economy and the livelihood of all those living in Venezuela. Since 2020, 80-90% of households are living in poverty.
現任總統尼古拉斯·馬杜羅·莫羅斯（Nicolás Maduro Moros）在2019年宣稱自己選舉獲勝，盡管全球譴責其選舉存在舞弊。
為了迫使馬杜羅下台，美國禁止其政府購買石油、凍結政府銀行賬戶、禁止該國發行新債務，並扣押前往委內瑞拉的油輪。這些措施極大地影響了經濟和所有委內瑞拉居民的生計。自2020年以來，80%-90%的家庭生活在貧困中。
ARGENTINA 阿根廷
The Argentina dictatorship had been attempted to be overthrown multiple times between 1976 to 1984. Fearing the spread of communism across the Americas, the US offered Argentinian rightist military regimes counterinsurgency training, financial assistance, and intelligence briefings.
With U.S. support, Argentina’s junta kidnapped leftists, dissidents, union leaders and anyone who looked like a threat. Many fled these unsafe conditions.
阿根廷獨裁政權在1976至1984年期間曾多次遭到顛覆政權的行動。出于對共産主義在美洲蔓延的擔憂，美國向阿根廷的右翼軍事政權提供了反遊擊戰爭訓練、財政援助和情報簡報。
在美國的支持下，阿根廷軍政府綁架了左翼分子、異見人士、工會領導人以及任何可能對其造成威脅的人。許多人逃離了這種不安全的環境。
WHAT’S THE TAKEAWAY? 我們能得到什麼結論？
As the current administration continues to push for deportation measures, it’s important to understand why certain people immigrated to the United States and the conditions they face in their home countries. People rarely leave their home and families for little to no reason, we all came to this country for a better life, but many were forced to leave because of foreign intervention and because they can no longer see a future in their home country.
在現任政府繼續推動驅逐措施時，了解某些人移民到美國的原因以及他們在本國面臨的現狀尤為重要。人們很少無緣無故離開自己的家和家人，我們所有人來到這個國家都是為了追求更好的生活。但許多人因其國家遭受外部幹預而被迫離開，他們在祖國看不到未來。